- Radiology Chair
- see Chair in Radiology (1965 - ), The University of Melbourne
- Radiology Department
- see Department of Radiology (1965 - ), The University of Melbourne
- Radiology Professorship
- see Chair in Radiology (1965 - ), The University of Melbourne
- Ralph, Thomas Shearman (1812 - 1891), Surgeon
- Rand, Michael John (1927 - 2002), Pharmacologist, Educator and Research Scientist
- Ray, Leslie John ('Les') ( - 1982), Anatomist
- Research Chair in Cancer Biology
- see Chair (Research) in Cancer Biology (1986 - ), The University of Melbourne
- Research Chair in Molecular Oncology
- see Chair (Research) in Molecular Oncology (1993 - ), The University of Melbourne
- Reynolds, Eric Charles, Dentist, Educator and Administrator
- Ringland Anderson Chair in Ophthalmology
- see Chair in Ophthalmology (1963 - ), The University of Melbourne
- Robertson, James ( - 1885), Physician and Educator
- Robins-Browne, Roy Michael
- Rockefeller Foundation
- Royal Children's Hospital Clinical School (1900 - )
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
- Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne Clinical School
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and Western Hospital Clinical School
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
- Royal Women's Hospital
- Rubbo, Sydney Dattilo (1911 - 1969), Bacteriologist, Educator and Research Scientist
- Rudall, James Thomas, Ophthalmologist and Pathologist
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Melbourne
- Russell Grimwade School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1938 - ), The University of Melbourne
- Russell, Kenneth Fitzpatrick (1911 - 1987), Anatomist and medical historian
- Ryan, Graeme Bruce (1938 - ), Anatomist, Educator and Dean
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